Selenium

What is Selenium?

Selenium is one of the most essential trace elements required for the normal functioning of the human body. Although the amount of selenium in the body is very small, it plays a crucial role in protecting cells, strengthening the immune system, and maintaining hormonal balance.

Definition of Selenium

Selenium is a naturally occurring mineral that cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through food or supplements. It is a component of many enzymes and proteins responsible for antioxidant protection and various metabolic processes.

Main Functions of Selenium

• Antioxidant Protection – Selenium helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, reducing oxidative stress.

• Immune System Support – Enhances the body’s ability to fight infections.

• Thyroid Function – Essential for the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormones.

• Heart Health – Reduces inflammation and helps protect blood vessels.

• Reproductive Function – Plays a role in fertility for both men and women.
  

Sources of Selenium

Selenium is found in both animal and plant-based foods. The richest sources include:

• Brazil nuts (the highest concentration)

• Tuna, salmon, sardines

• Eggs

• Chicken and beef

• Mushrooms

• Whole grains and seeds (depending on soil quality)
  

Recommended Daily Intake

Selenium needs vary depending on age and physiological conditions:

• Adults – around 55 mcg per day

• Pregnant women – about 60 mcg

• Breastfeeding women – around 70 mcg

While selenium is essential, excessive intake can be harmful and lead to toxicity.

Symptoms of Selenium Deficiency

Although rare, selenium deficiency may occur due to a poor diet or low selenium content in soil and food. Symptoms include:

• Muscle weakness

• Fatigue

• Weakened immunity

• Hair loss and brittle nails

• Cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle)

• Impaired thyroid function
  

Risks of Selenium Overdose

Excessive selenium intake may cause:

• Nausea, vomiting

• Metallic taste in the mouth

• Hair and nail loss or brittleness

• Skin rashes

• Nervous system damage (in severe cases)

Therefore, selenium supplements should only be taken under medical supervision.

Selenium and Thyroid Health

Selenium is essential for the activation of thyroid hormones and protects the gland from inflammation. Deficiency may contribute to conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and other endocrine disorders. Research shows that adequate selenium intake reduces thyroid antibodies and improves overall thyroid function.

Selenium is a trace mineral with significant importance. It is vital for thyroid health, immune function, heart health, and reproductive well-being.

The best way to ensure sufficient selenium intake is through a balanced diet – including Brazil nuts, fish, eggs, and whole grains. Supplements should be used only when a deficiency is confirmed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

If you're interested in checking your selenium levels, laboratories like Enmedic offer testing services.
Remember: maintaining an optimal selenium level is one of the keys to your energy, health, and quality of life.